HSSC - Federal Board

UNIT FOUR: (#: 04 SELF – DISCIPLINE)

ICARUS AND DEADALUS

By: JOSEPHINE PRESTON PEABODY

Q: Write the Contextual Meanings of the following words:

S. NO

WORD

CONTEXTUAL MEANING

01.

winnow

to inspect or to test, To move wings to take / be in flight

02.

cleave

slice, smash, To cut though or move quickly and smoothly through something like air

03.

fledging

a young bird that has learned to fly. (Metaphorical use for Daedalus’ attempt to flying)

04.

cunning

sly, crafty, clever, skillful       

05.

draught

downfall, a current or burst of air, desire

Q: Read the statements and choose the correct option.

1. The story challenges human limitations by implying:

A. humans should defy nature                                    B. knowledge is dangerous

C. overconfidence leads to destruction                       D. learning makes humans divine

2. __________ inspired Daedalus to escape.

A. dreams of flight                                                      B. watching seagulls

C. a vision from gods                                                  D. a magical clue

3. Daedalus warned Icarus from

A. fear of drowning                                                    B. sun's heat danger

C. Minos' revenge plan                                               D. wings might break

4. In the story, Icarus symbolizes:

A. wisdom and caution                                               B. youthful recklessness

C. divine punishment                                                  D. human ambition

5. How does Daedalus feel after Icarus' fall?

A. vengeful and furious                                              B. proud but sad

C. grief-stricken and regretful                                     D. fearful of Minos

6. The flight of Daedalus and Icarus is symbolic because it:

A. represents human desires                                       B. shows gods' kindness

C. means defying nature                                             D. warns about risks

7. What ultimately caused Icarus' fall?

A. wind's strong force                                                 B. Sun's extreme heat

C. weak feather glue                                                   D. Daedalus' miscalculation

SOLUTION:

NO

OPTION

NO

OPTION

01.

C. overconfidence leads to destruction

02.

B. watching seagulls

03.

D. wings might break

04.

B. youthful recklessness

05.

C. grief-stricken and regretful

06.

A. represents human desires

07.

B. Sun's extreme heat

SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS:

Answer the following questions after reading the text.

Q: 01. How does the story reflect the dangers of unchecked ambition?

Ans: The story shows that unchecked ambition leads to destruction. Icarus had been overexcited about flying and ignored his father’s warning. His wish to fly higher made him fly too close to the sun that melted the wax on wings resulting his fall into the sea and death.

 

Q: 02. Compare and contrast Daedalus and Icarus.

Ans: Daedalus is wise, careful and experienced. He made wings as well as warned his son of the dangers it possessed. His son Icarus, on the other hand, is young, excited, and reckless who ignored his father’s warnings and wanted to fly as high as possible, leading to his fall. Daedalus represents wisdom and caution; Icarus symbolizes youthful carelessness.

 

Q: 03. What is the significance of Daedalus dedicating his wings to Apollo after lcarus' fall?

Ans: Dedication of the wings to Apollo shows Daedalus’ grief and regret. It means he gives up flying forever, acceptance of human limits and to seek peace by offering his wings to god Apollo. It is also a way of honouring the gods and admittance that humans should not try to act like gods.

 

Q: 04. What moral lessons can be drawn from the story? Provide examples from the text to justify each lesson.

Ans: The story delivers multiple lessons including:

i. To listen to the advice: Icarus did not follow his father Daedalus’ advice and paid with his life.

ii. Excitement may lead to carelessness: Icarus forgot to keep his father’s instructions about flight and flew too high that melted wax on his wings.

iii. Know your limits: Trying to be beyond the limits may lead to danger.

 

Q: 05. Did Daedalus foresee Icarus’ fall when he warned him about flying too high or too low? Justify your response with evidence from the text.

Ans: Yes, Daedalus foresaw the danger and had already warned his son to be careful while flying. He had categorically told Icarus that flying too high or too low might damage the wings and result in a fall. He was experienced so he knew what will happen if Icarus ignored his instructions and warnings.

Q: Analyze the statements given below and write “true” or “false” before each.

S. No

Statement

True / False

01.

Daedalus built the Labyrinth for King Minos.

True

02.

‘Daedalus and Icarus escaped Crete using a boat.

False

03.

Icarus followed his father's advice carefully while flying.

False

04.

The wax in Icarus’ wings melted because he flew too close to the sun.

True

05.

Daedalus named a nearby land after his son, Icarus.

True

06.

Icarus’ fall was caused by strong winds pushing him down.

False

07.

After Icarus’ fall, Daedalus continued to experiment with flying.

False

08.

Daedalus made an offering to Apollo after his escape.

True

Q: Analyze the statements given below and write “true” or “false” before each.

S. No

Column A

Column B

01.

Daedalus built the Labyrinth

because King Manos ordered him

02.

Daedalus created wings for himself and Icarus

because they wanted to escape from Crete.

03.

Daedalus warned Icarus not to fly too high or too low

because flying high would melt the wax and flying low will make the wings heavier due to being moist

04.

Icarus ignored his father’s warning

because he was excited and wanted to fly higher toward the sky.

05.

The wax in Icarus’ wings melted.

because he flew too close to the sun.

06.

Icarus fell into the sea and drowned

because his wings broke apart when the wax melted.

07.

Daedalus named an island, Icaria

because he wanted to remember his son Icarus

 


 

GRAMMAR- ADJECTIVE PHRASE AND CLAUSE:

Q: Identify the underlined group of words. Write AP for Adjective Phrase and AC for Adjective Clause against each.

1. A man without an enemy is a man with few friends.                    Adjective Phrase (AP)

2. In a low voice he told the tale of his cruel wrong.                        Adjective Phrase (AP)

3. Gardens with cool shady trees surround the village.                    Adjective Phrase (AP)

4. The story book which I bought last week is very interesting.      Adjective Clause (AC)

 

Q: Identify and underline Adjective Phrase or Adjective Clause in these sentences. Write AP and AC against each

1. We visited many villages without any inhabitants.                      Adjective Phrase (AP)

2. Eco-friendly cars, which primarily run on electricity, help the environment.    Adjective Clause (AC)

3. English, which is my favourite subject, has a lot of good stories. Adjective Clause (AC)

4. Grandpa remembers the old days when there was no television. Adjective Clause (AC)

Q: Join two sentences in the column ‘A’ using an Adjective Phrase or Clause and write in Column ‘B. First one is done for you

S. NO

SENTENCES (COLUMN A)

USE OF PHRASES/ CLAUSES

COLUMN B

01.

1. He was sitting in the emergency room.

2. It was very crowded.

He was sitting in the emergency room where it was very crowded.

02.

1. A nurse was nearby.

2. He called to her.

He called a nurse who was nearby –

Use of Adjective Clause

03.

1. The nurse took one look at the man and knew he needed a doctor.

2. His colour was not good.

The nurse took one look at the man whose colour was not good and knew he needed a doctor.

Use of Adjective Clause

04.

1. Just then, a doctor walked by and noticed that the man had passed out.

2. His finger was still in the machine.

Just then, a doctor walked by and noticed that the man with his fingers still in the machine had passed out.

Use of Adjective Phrase

05.

1. She connected the man's finger to a machine and left him for a minute while she checked another patient.

2. The machine checked his blood oxygen levels.

She connected the man's finger to a machine that checked his blood Oxygen levels and left him for a minute while she checked another patient. Use of Adjective Clause

06.

1. The doctor took the man's pulse and temperature and determined that the man likely had COVID and needed a ventilator.

2. It could help him breathe.

The doctor took the man's pulse and temperature and determined that the man likely had COVID and needed a ventilator. which could help him breathe. Use of Adjective Clause

07.

1. The doctor gave the man an injection.

2. It made him go to sleep.

The doctor gave the man an injection that made him go to sleep.

Use of Adjective Clause

 


 

Q: Read the sentences given below carefully and change the Adjective Clauses into Adjective Phrase. One sample is done for you.

S. NO

SENTENCE

COLUMN B

01.

The man, who is sitting next to you, is my cousin.

The man sitting next to you is my cousin

02.

Hamlet, which was written by William Shakespeare, is the most famous English play

The most famous play of English is Shakespeare’s play Hamlet.

03.

The Golden Gate Bridge, which was finished in 1937, is one of the most famous in the world.

One of the most famous bridges, “The Golden Gate Bridge” was finished in 1937.

04.

Farah, who is my eldest sister, works for a multi-national company.

My eldest sister Farah works for a multi-national company.

05.

The dictionary that is lying on the table is mine.

The dictionary on the table is mine. / My dictionary is lying on the table.

 

SIMPLE, COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES:

Q: Change the following Simple Sentences into Compound Sentences by using appropriate Coordinating Conjunctions.

S. NO

SENTENCE

COLUMN B

01.

Following the trail, we reached our destination.

We followed the trail and reached our destination

02.

Being sick, I went to the doctor.

I was sick so I went to the doctor.

03.

In spite of the rain, the children went out to play.

It was raining but the children went out to play.

04.

Despite the train being late, Areesha waited for the train.

The train was late but Areesha waited for it.

05.

I was too tired to do any more work.

I was very tired so I could not do any more work.

 

Q: Change these Compound Sentences into Complex Sentences.

S. NO

COMPOUND SENTENCE

COMPLEX SENTENCE

01.

I finished my homework and went out to play with my friends.

After I finished my homework, I went out to play with my friends.

02.

It was very cold, so wore a sweater.

I wore a sweater because it was very cold

03.

You must practice well, or you will not be able to perform well.

You will not be able / unable to perform well., if you do not practice well.

04.

Shabeena was very ill therefore she had to take her to the hospital.

Because Shabeena was very ill, she was taken to the hospital

05.

You must follow the traffic rules or you will be fined.

If you do not follow the traffic rules, you will be fined.

 


 

Q: Change the following sentences as directed.

S. NO

COMPOUND SENTENCE

COMPLEX SENTENCE

01.

If you don' leave now, you will get caught in the rain. (Change into a Simple Sentence)

Leave now to avoid getting caught in the rain

02.

Though we were not sure if we could finish it, we volunteered to help them. (Change into a Compound Sentence)

We were not sure if we could finish it, but we volunteered to help them.

03.

Not only did Latif work on his assignment but also helped me finish mine. (Change into a Compound Sentence)

Latif worked on his assignment and he also helped me finish mine

04.

Naseem was a nurse and so her job was to take care of her patients. (Change into a Simple Sentence)

As a nurse, Naseem’s job was to take care of her patients.

05.

I looked for Danish everywhere but I could not find him. (Change into a Complex Sentence)

Although I looked for Danish everywhere, I couldn’t not find him

 

IDIOMS AND PHRASES:

Q: Read the following paragraph and match The Idioms with their Contextual Meanings in the following table.

Here are some thoughts on how to live a reasonably balanced life. These aren't any great insights, just everyday thoughts on how to be satisfied and relatively happy despite the curves that life throws us at times. First and foremost, it’s important to find people that you like. That means finding someone who won't make you feel put upon. It's also a good idea to find people who aren't going to push your buttons too much. Friends will kid around, but good friends will hit a happy medium between joking and respecting each other.

In these modern times, we all enjoy having the latest, greatest products such as smart phones and stylish clothing. Just remember that all that glitters is not gold. It is helpful to always keep the presence of mind about you when shopping, Rather than fall into the trap of using your money too much, wait a day or two. Try this trick the next time your heart skips a beat because some beautiful piece of technology calls to you from the shop window. Once you've got this technique under your belt, you'd be surprised how much you will save.

Finally, when things do go wrong be careful and take it slowly. Take a few deep breaths; regain your composure, and then act. Unfortunately, we all get the short end of the stick at times. When this happens, know that life doesn't turn on a dime. Ups and downs are all part of the puzzle that is life. Taking this approach will make problems run like water off a duck's back. You need to straighten things out from time to time, but you'll know it's not the end of the world. Of course, it's also a good idea to cross bridges when you come to them rather than worry too much about everything that could go wrong in life.

(www.thoughtco.com/common-englishidioms-3211646)

IDIOM

MEANING

 

all the glitter is not gold

not everything that looks attractive is valuable

 

fall into the trap

to suffer the bad effects of a situation by mistake

 

get something under one’s belt

to gain experience or learn something useful

 

get the short end of the stick

to feel pressured by someone else’s demands

 

have the heart skip a beat

to be suddenly surprised or excited

 

hit a happy medium

to find a balanced or moderate position between two extremes

 

kid around

to joke or play in a light-hearted way

 

push someone’s buttons

to deliberately annoy or provoke someone

 

run like water off a duck’s back

to not be affected by criticism or difficulties

 

throw someone a curved ball

to suffer unfair treatment in a situation

 

S. #

IDIOM

MEANING

01.

jump out of the frying pan into the fire

to go from bad to ever worse

02.

keep my fingers crossed

hoping for good luck

03.

the early bird catches the worm

people who act early have better chances of success

04.

throw in the towel

to quit or give up

05.

take a leap of faith

to take a risk believing things will turn out well

06.

go back to the drawing board

start over with a new plan

07.

put all eggs in one basket

rely only on one thing for success

08.

keep your eye on the prize

stay focused on the goal

09.

reach for the stars

aim for something very ambitious or great