UNIT ONE: TWENTY MINUTES WITH MRS. OAKENTUBB
By: FRANK ARTHUR
MCQs:
1. “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” is
written by:
● Oscar Wilde ●
John Galsworthy ● Frank Arthur ● Liaquat Ali Khan
2. “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” is
the story of:
● suspense ●
horror ● comedy ● lessoned
3. _______ has played a humorous role in
“Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb”.
● porter ● Mrs. Oakentubb ● her husband ● the man
4. The scene of the play has been laid down
at a/an:
● park ● airport ● railway station ●
waiting room of railway station
5. Mrs. Oakentubb lives at:
● Stainthorpe ● airport ● railway station ●
waiting room of railway station
6. Mrs. Oakentubb is a _______ woman.
● selfish ●
humble ● sensitive ● greedy
7. The first character entered in the scene
was:
● the porter ● Mrs. Oakentubb ●
railway guard ● the man
8.
The lady was carrying a/an:
● purse ●
suit case ● bag ● stick
9. The colour of her hair is:
● red ● grey ● brown ●
mouse-brown
10. Husband of Mrs. Oakentubb was a very
successful:
● salesman ● businessman ●
teacher ● doctor
11. Mrs. Judy Oakentubb’s weighs a little
under:
● seven stone ● nine stone ● ten stone ● six stone
12. The stranger was in Korea in:
● June 1951 ● June 1953 ● June
1954 ● June 1935
13. The chance meeting with Korean girl gave
him the emotion of:
● forgiveness ● business ● revenge ● love
14. “He” has decided to _______ when “He”
would meet with Mrs. Judy Oakentubb.
● forgive ●
thank ● kill ●
love
15. For killing a woman and daughter in an
accident, Mrs. Judy Oakentubb was charged with:
● accident ● manslaughter ● mistake ● reckless driving
16. One of the friends of Mrs. Oakentubb made a bet with her for:
● five
pounds ● ten pounds ● six pounds ● four pounds
17. While driving Mrs. Oakentubb was:
● drunk ●
active ● sleepy ● conscious
18. The bet was to:
● drive from Stanthorpe cross to the coast ●
cross the mall road under the influence of vine.
● fall down from the height of the building. ●
play and win the flash cards.
19. The man wanted to take ______ of his wife
and daughters untimely death:
● revenge ● picture ● notice ● advantage
20.In order to save her own life, she
crushed the two innocent pedestrians a/an:
● woman
and her daughter ● man and his
daughter ● woman and her son ● man and his son
21. For the accident, Mrs. Oakentubb was
arrested and sentenced for:
● eighteen
months ●
twelve months ● thirteen months ● fifteen months
22. Husband of the innocent woman took the
death of his beloved as the:
● deliberate
murder ● accident ● consent of God ● plan of Mrs. Oakentubb
23. “He” met Mrs. Oakentubb in the stormy
night at:
● railway
waiting room ● ticket
counter ● deck of the ship ●
justice court
24. At last “He” killed her by a/an:
● pistol ● knife ● dagger ● sword
25. The Gentleman talks about this number of
chance meetings that altered his life:
● two ●
five ●
one ●
current
MCQs from Board Papers:
Frank Arthur was a: novelist
and
The Korean Girl was about:
fourteen
Mrs. Oakentubb got the punishment she: deserved
Mrs. Oakentubb’s husband was a
successful: businessman
The thing that gave the man courage
to live was Korean girl’s: smile
The smile of the
Korean girl gave the man a purpose in life which was: revenge
Mrs. Oakentubb wagered to drive
recklessly to win: £ 5
The amount of bet that Mrs. Oakentubb
made with her friends was: £ 5
Mrs. Judy Oakentubb
was driving criminally fast because she was: drunk
“Twenty Minutes
with Mrs. Oakentubb” is a story of: revenge
In his little
melodrama Frank Arthur makes the character of porter: humorous
The Play “Twenty Minutes with
Mrs. Oakentubb” is a: Melodrama
“Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” is a
little piece of: Melodrama
SHORT-ANSWER
QUESTIONS:
Q: 01. Write a brief character sketch of Mrs. Oakentubb.
Ans: Mrs. Oakentubb represents a woman in a difficult situation
and as a whole she isn’t a lovable character. Mrs. Oakentubb is the central
character of the play. She is a beautiful lady who is fond of dresses. She
wears a hat, a scarf, gloves and fur coat. Readers don’t know her age but she
appears to be young. Her hair is brown and nicely done. She wears a marriage
ring and by her dress and speech she appears to be wife of a businessman.
Mrs. Oakentubb is very intelligent and clever. When the man in waiting room tells her that he has come to kill Mrs. Judy Oakentubb, she gets frightened at heart but pretends to be fearless in front of him. She convinces the man that she is miserable and thus man spares her life but when he had gone out of the room, she stands up and makes faces behind his back. Suddenly he returns and kills her.
Q: 02. Write a brief character sketch of the porter.
Ans: The Porter is quite humorous character
who is wise, balanced and a fine worker that makes others quite happy when he
talks and acts. He is portrayed as a frank talker and active worker as he uses
the words that are quite expressive and impressive. He asks Mrs. Judy Oakentubb
to warm her tootsies calls her love in all his illiterate frankness and uses
comfy for comfortable naturally in his own way. He gives proper advice to
passengers like Mrs. Oakentubb as he asks her not to go out in the rain.
Q: 03. Give a detailed character sketch of the man. OR
Q: Give a description of the man in the lesson
“Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb”.
Ans: The gentleman is the most important
character of the melodrama “Twenty minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb.” His dress and
speech defines him as slightly lower in the social scale as a clerk or a
supervisor artisan. He is clean shaven who enters in the waiting room of a
small country railways station to wait for the train to Stain Thorpe. The train
is due to arrive in twenty minutes where he meets Mrs. Oakentubb who had killed
his wife and daughter in a motor accident.
He tells Mrs. Oakentubb that he is going
to Stain Thorpe to kill Mrs. Oakentubb who had killed his wife and daughter in
the road accident. When she comes to know of his intentions, she begs him to
kill her or let her live in miserable condition as she was. He drops the idea
of killing and walks out of the waiting room.
On his departure, she springs to her feet and makes faces at his back.
He suddenly opens the door, comes in, fires from his revolver and kills her.
Q: 04.What is the significance of the label on the suitcase of Mrs. Oakentubb? Why does she hide it? OR
Explain the importance of the label on the suitcase of Mrs.
Oakentubb. Why does she hide it?
Ans: The label on her suitcase has her name on it and it let
her killer learn that she is Mrs. Judy Oakentubb whom he is intended to kill as
she had knocked down his wife and daughter with her car while she was driving
recklessly. She hides it under the flap to keep her identity from the man in
the room and to stay alive.
Q: 05. At what point in the play do we become certain that the man knows that the woman in the waiting room is Mrs. Oakentubb? When, in fact do you think he discovered her identify.
Ans: The Man sits with Mrs. Judy Oakentubb in waiting room for
five minutes and then he tells her that he has fifteen minutes more with her.
When she comes to know that he has the intentions to kill Mrs. Oakentubb, she
goes and hides the label on her suitcase which he notices but pretends to
ignore it. At that point of play we become certain that the man knows that the
woman in the waiting room is Mrs. Judy Oakentubb.
Q: 06.What motive has the man for murdering her? OR
Q: Why did the gentleman kill Mrs. Oakentubb? OR
Q: Why did the man kill Mrs. Oakentubb? Was he right or
wrong in doing so? OR
Q: Mrs. Oakentubb got the punishment she deserved.
Ans: Mrs. Oakentubb had killed his wife and daughter in a road
accident when she had a bet of a small amount to drive from Stain Thorpe Cross
to the Coast recklessly. She was drunk drove recklessly for a bet of small
amount. Revenge is the motive of the man for murdering her as the pedestrians
she had killed where his wife and daughter. She was sentenced for eighteen
months imprisonment only which was not a fair justice in the man’s opinion. He
wanted to take revenge and execute justice by killing her. He was right in
doing so as according to him it was a plain and deliberate murder. He felt that
she was not duly punished for her deliberate and criminal act but fooled court
of law and everyone with her wit. He wants to execute justice by killing her. When
we see her behaviour while he leaves the room and she makes fun of him in the
end, we think that he was right in doing so.
Q: 07. In this little melodrama, the author keeps on building up the tension then relaxing it, until the final moment of tension when the murder is done. Briefly describe the chief moments of tension and what follows after each one.
Ans: There are many moments since the beginning till the end
when the tension reaches to its peak. The first moment of tension is when he
describes the death of his wife and daughter in an accident and reveals his
intentions of taking revenge by killing the killer. The second moment is when
he takes out the revolver and aims to shoot her and the last but most tensed
moment is when he comes back and finds her making faces towards him; takes out
the pistol and shoots her dead.
Q: 08. Why, in your opinion, does the author make the porter a humorous character?
Ans: The author has made the porter a humorous character to
provide some relief and relaxation from the tension of the main tragedy and
sadness of the drama.
Q: 09. Suspense is an important element in a thriller. Briefly show how the author keeps the audience in suspense for the answers to two questions will he finds out who she is? Will he kill her?
Ans: Obviously suspense is an important element in a thriller
and Frank Arthur has manipulated suspense quite beautifully in his melodrama
and kept the audience in suspense about the answers of two questions.
He had noticed the label on her suitcase
but completely ignored rather revealed his intentions of taking revenge as he
had recognized her and is about to kill her but listening to her pretensions he
leaves her and goes out. In this way the author keeps the audience in suspense for
the answers to two questions will he find out who she is? Will he kill her?
Q: 10. When the audience likely to suspect that she might be Mrs. Oakentubb?
Ans: The audience is likely to begin suspecting that she might
be Mrs. Oakentubb when the man says that he is looking for Mrs. Oakentubb as he
has intentions to kill her and he will kill her tonight. She becomes frightened
and hides the label on her suitcase which bores her name on it.
Q: 11. Is the man cleverer than Mrs. Oakentubb? Discuss. OR
Q: Discuss the end of the play “Twenty Minutes with
Mrs. Oakentubb.”
Ans: The man is not
cleverer rather a person who can be played easily. When Mrs. Oakentubb sees
that she has failed to manipulate the man and he will kill her she starts her
emotional drama and acts cleverly. She assures the man that her situation is
miserable as she sees the scene of accident every minute in front of her eyes
and she can hear the screams of both women in her dreams. The picture of
accident haunts her and has made her life a hell. She is getting worst
punishment and killing her will be setting her free. When “he” hears that, he
changes his mind and leaves the room. As soon as he is gone, she jumps with joy
and makes faces towards him thinking that she has befooled him. Mrs. Oakentubb
rises to her feet, turns to the door and puts her fingers to her nose at him. This
act of villainy proves that she is cleverer than the man. However, while she is
standing thus, the man opens the door suddenly, sees her, raise revolver and fires.
Mrs. Oakentubb falls dead. He pockets the revolver again, picks up his suitcase
and hurries out.
Q: 12. Why did the meeting with the Korean Girl give the man a purpose to live in Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb?
Ans: The gentleman
is the most important character of the melodrama “Twenty minutes with Mrs.
Oakentubb.” He believed that the casual meetings of moments with people can
change life, In June 1953, in Korea, when as a soldier he was wounded badly and
fainted due to loss of blood. When he came back to his senses, he found a small
Korean girl of about 14 years came, bowed upon him, smiled and went away. While
looking at her smile, he recollected what his daughter had been like her, if
she was alive. The smile gave him the purpose to live and take revenge of his
daughter from her murderer Mrs. Oakentubb who had killed his family in a
reckless car accident.
Q: 13. Describe the scene of the railway waiting room in “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb.”
Ans: The scene of Twenty Minutes with Mrs.
Oakentubb is set in a small country railway junction’s waiting room. The scene
exhibits a stormy winter evening. When the
curtain draws, a gas fire is at a side wall; a gas light above; a chair beside
the fire; a bench against the back wall and a tale. The room is empty and, as
the gas light is turned low, almost in darkness. Rain and wind are audible
outside. When the play commences, door opens and a lady comes in, carrying a
suit-case, which has a tie-on-label. A porter follows and turns the gas full
on.
Q: 14. Why was Mrs. Oakentubb sentenced to 18 months' imprisonment?
Ans: Mrs. Oakentubb had killed stranger’s wife and
daughter in a road accident when she had made a bet of a small amount of five
ponds to drive recklessly while she was drunk. She was sentenced for eighteen
months imprisonment only as she was accused of driving drunk and was sent to
rehabilitation center for that time period.
PAKISTAN AND THE MODERN WORLD
By: LIAQUAT ALI KHAN
MCQs:
- “Pakistan and the Modern World” is a speech delivered by:
● Liaquat Ali Khan ● Quaid E Azam ● Ch Rehmat Ali ● Ali Brothern
- Speech titled “Pakistan and the Modern World” was delivered by Liaquat Ali Khan at:
● Karachi ● India ● USA ● Canada
- Liaquat Ali Khan was the 1st _______ of Pakistan.
● Chief Minister ● Governor General ● Prime Minister ● President
- Liaquat Ali Khan became the Prime Minister of Pakistan in:
● 1948 ● 1947 ● 1951 ● 1940
- Liaquat Ali Khan had delivered his famous speech at:
● Kansas University ● Karachi University ● Karachi University ● Punjab University
- Liaquat Ali Khan had delivered his famous speech at Kansas University in:
● 1948 ● 1947 ● 1951 ● 1950
- Kansas University is in:
● Pakistan ● India ● USA ● England
- Liaquat Ali Khan was being conferred upon a/an _______ degree by Kansas University.
● Doctorate ● Master’s ● Honourary ● compulsory
- The purpose of the speech was to bring closer together Pakistan and:
● Australia ● India ● USA ● Canada
- Hindus strictly believe in:
● caste system ● Social system ● religious system ● communist system
- “_______ does not descend upon a people, a people must raise themselves to it.”
● poverty ● selfishness ● liberty ● sovereignty
- According to Liaquat Ali Khan, “The discovery of Asia has not yet been ”:
● disowned ● owned ● discouraged ● accomplished
- Liaquat Ali Khan, in his speech, calls Pakistan anew state and a new:
● country ● region ● democracy ● autocracy
- In South Asia, Where present days Pakistan and India are situated, there lived:
● 100m Muslims ● 200 m Muslims ● 300m Muslims ● 400m Muslims
- In South Asia, Where present days Pakistan and India are situated, there lived:
● 100m Hindus ● 200m Hindus ● 300m Hindus ● 400m Hindus
- Hindus believed in:
● polytheism ● economic institutions ● equality ● monotheism
- Maintenance of freedom requires constant:
● watch over ● discontent ● vigilance ● equality
- According to Liaquat Ali Khan, Asia must be made stable by removing _______ for the sake of World peace.
● discontent ● dispersion ● disturbance ● wars
- According to Liaquat Ali Khan, Our first duty is to:
● ourselves ● our fellow beings ● our neighbours ● others
- According to Liaquat Ali Khan, there is a great similarity between beginning of Pakistan and early days of :
● New Zealand ● Hong Kong ● China ● America
- Liaquat Ali Khan visited America in _______ after becoming the Prime Minister.
● 1947 ● 1925 ● 1950 ● 1920
- According to Liaquat Ali Khan, we live today in an era of:
● general Arts ● human troubles ● widening Horizons ● triangle
- An American statesman pointed out the similarity of how America and Pakistan both began as a/an:
● political country ● democratic country ● agricultural country ● prosperous country
- Liaquat Ali Khan emphasizes that Pakistan’s strength will be happy augury for:
● peace ● democracy ● capitalism ● future development
- According to Liaquat Ali Khan, The role of the Western World to be the:
● democratic one ● enlightened one ● aggressive one ● impressive one
- According to Liaquat Ali Khan, True democracy is _______ in its very conception.
● national ● regional ● metropolitan ● international
- According to Liaquat Ali Khan, The freedom means freedom only from foreign domination is a/an _______ idea.
● modern ● outworn ● emphatic ● aristocratic
- According to Liaquat Ali Khan, War and peace and progress and prosperity are all:
● inevitable today ● indivisible today ● essential today ● inequitable today
- According to Liaquat Ali Khan, Patriotism distorted into a form of narrow-minded and intolerant self-aggrandizement is:
● Fascism ● Communism ● Chauvinism ● Capitalism
- According to Liaquat Ali Khan, the second reason for the demand of separation of Muslims was:
● political ● communism ● religion ● capitalism
MCQS OF BOARD PAPERS:
Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated in: Rawalpindi
The word Monotheist means believer in: one God
Pakistan is a new state; or to be more exact, a new: Democracy
Liberty is a fruit that must be earned before it can be: enjoyed
Liaquat Ali Khan says that the West must share its: fund of knowledge
“We cannot hold the clock back so we must go forward at a double pace.” This speech was delivered by: Liaquat Ali Khan
The speech ‘Pakistan and the Modern World’ was delivered by Liaquat Ali Khan
in: America
As we cannot hold the clock back, so we must go forward at a double: pace
An Honorary degree was conferred upon Liaquat Ali Khan by: Kansas University
Asia contains half of the population of the world and very distinct civilizations which are at least: three
A free people must first maintain their own: freedom
“Liberty does not descend upon a people”, is stated by: Liaquat Ali Khan
SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS:
Q: 01. Briefly state the main reason given by Liaquat Ali Khan for the Muslim’s desire not to continue living in a united India? OR
Q: State the reason given by Liaquat Ali Khan for the desire of the Muslims of Sub-Continent not to continue living in undivided India.
Ans: Liaquat Ali Khan in his speech at the University of Kansas stated the main reason for the Muslim’s desire to not to continue living in a united India as their refusal to accept Hindus as new masters after independence from British rule. Through their ripe experience they knew that freedom from foreign hands will not be the real freedom but to be forced to live as a defeated and subjected minority of Hindus.
Q: 02. What main differences does he point out between Muslim and Hindu beliefs and attitudes?
Q: According to Liaquat Ali Khan, What were the difference between the Hindus and the Muslims of India?
Ans: Liaquat Ali Khan points out the main differences between Hindu-Muslim beliefs as the belief of Muslims in one God (Monotheists), and of Hindus in many gods and goddesses (Polytheists), Muslim’s belief in the Prophet of Arabia and Christ and Hindus’ non-belief in them, the belief of Muslims in the right of private ownership and distribution of wealth through inheritance and the practice of Hindus to promote increase of wealth by mortgage system.
Q: 03. What advantage does he show the Hindus to have gained from the creation of Pakistan?
Ans: The Hindus have gained the advantage of true freedom to develop their own culture after independence without the interference of Muslims and they could live peacefully without being inhibited by the contiguity ad untrammeled by the constant discontent and trouble caused by the dissatisfaction and unmanageable minority of the Muslims.
Q: 04. ‘Our administrative machinery had to be built up from scratch.’ What does this sentence mean? OR
Q: Our administrative machinery had to be built from scratch. What does Liaquat Ali Khan mean by these words?
Ans: ‘Our administrative machinery had to be built up from scratch.’ Means that after the independence Muslims of Pakistan had no regular official machinery or institution to run and administer newly born state and her matters. They had to build every institution, administration and official machinery from start and that was an uphill task. Administrative machinery here means as the political and non-political bodies that can organize and run the country on her track.
Q: 05. On what grounds does Liaquat Ali Khan assert that the first duty of the Pakistanis as a free people is to themselves? OR
Q: According to Liaquat Ali Khan, what are the main demands of freedom?
Ans: The first duty of the Pakistanis as a free people to themselves is to maintain and preserve their own freedom which means to keep it protected from all internal and external threats; otherwise, they will disgrace the fair name of free men, women and people all over the world.
Q: 06. What does he state the real meanings of freedom, for the common man, to be? OR
Q: What is genuine freedom according to Liaquat Ali Khan? OR
Q: What is the real freedom according to Liaquat Ali Khan? OR
Q: According to Liaquat Ali Khan, what is the true meaning of freedom? OR
Q: What real meaning of freedom for the common man does Liaquat Ali Khan state?
Ans: Liaquat Ali Khan states that real meanings of freedom for the common man to be, is not freedom from a foreign domination but freedom from needs, wants, disease and ignorance as no nation can ever feel free if they are not free from these basic issues.
Q: 07. What is meant by a ‘synthesis’? What is the synthesis that Liaquat Ali Khan believes is necessary for Pakistan to achieve?
Ans: A synthesis means combination or coming together of the different elements. The synthesis that Liaquat Ali Khan believes is necessary for Pakistan to achieve is the ancient faith or old traditions of the east and modern science and technology and it can be achieved by upholding the independence by uplifting the resources and true efforts.
Q: 08. Liaquat Ali Khan contrasts two emotions that the Asian people tend to feel when they view the Western world. What are these two emotions?
Ans: The two contrasting emotions of the Asian people tend to feel when they view the Western world are admiration of the progress of civilization in West which is vast enough in its magnitude and pace and feelings of unease at their own backwardness and misery in their struggling society.
Q: 09. What does he put forward as the two main duties today of the Western World? OR
Q: According to Liaquat Ali Khan what are the two main duties of the Western World for the progress and maintenance of world peace today?
Ans: According to Liaquat Ali Khan, the two main duties today of the Western World for the progress and maintenance of the World Peace are, first to share its great fund of knowledge, experience and skill with those that were denied their opportunities and the other duty is to demonstrate not a faint outlook but the true conception of democracy in its conception and is essential for the maintenance of the world peace.
Q: 10. What are the aims of Pakistan? What does Pakistan want to do?
Ans: Pakistan is emerged on base of belief in God, democracy, justice and peace. The Pakistanis want to work for peace and justice. At the same time Pakistan wants to make full use of science, machinery and technology and become an active partner in the progress of third world countries of Asia.
UNIT FIVE: "ACT III OF THE SILVER BOX"
By: JOHN GALSWORTHY
MCQs:
1. “Act III of the Silver Box” is written by:
● Oscar Wilde ● John Galsworthy ●
Bertrand Russell ● Liaquat Ali Khan
2. John Galsworthy was born in
● 1966 ●
1866 ●
1867 ● 1987
3. John Galsworthy was a distinguished Novelist
and:
● dramatist ●
historian ● playwright ●
poet
4. Galsworthy’s has made a great deal of
_______on British Legal System.
● admiration ●
salutation ● criticism ●
humour
5. Act III of Silver Box is a powerful but
bitter:
● story ●
novel ● poem ● play
6. Mr. Barthwick was a _______ member of
British Parliament.
● democratic ●
lower house ● public ● liberal
7. Mr. Barthwick is sitting in the front row
with:
● Mr. James Jones ●
Roper ● Mrs. James Jones ● Police Constable
8. Mr. Livens’ sister has _______ children
of her own.
● 5 ● 2 ● 10 ● 8
9. At Mr. Barthwick’s house, Thomas Marlowe works
as a/an:
● gate keeper ●
supervisor ● cook ● butler
10. John Barthwick lives at:
● Franklin Park ● New Castle ● Rockingham Street ●
6, Rockingham
Gate
11. The name of detective in the X.B Division
of the Metropolitan Police was:
● Mr. James Jones ●
Roper ● Mrs. James Jones ● Robert Snow
12. The value of the silver box is:
● 5
pounds, ten shillings ● 10 pounds,
ten shillings
● 5 pounds, five shillings ● 15 pounds, ten shillings
13.The name of Mrs. Jones’ husband is
● Mr.
James Jones ● Mr. Roper ● Mr. Barthwick ● Mr. Jack Barthwick
14.The purse found on Mr. Jones, contained
_______ pounds twelve shillings.
● six ● two ● ten
●
three
MCQS OF BOARD PAPERS:
The two charges against Mr. Jones
were stealing of: a silver cigarette box
and an assault on police.
John
Galsworthy was described by one of his contemporaries as a: humanitarian
and moralist
The value of the silver cigarette box was: five pounds ten
shillings
“Act III of the Silver Box” shows
in the British Legal System: disparity
Mrs.
Jones works at the house of: Mr.
Barthwick
“Act III of the Silver Box” is a criticism of: English Legal System
Mrs. James works at the house of Mr. Barthwick as a: char woman
Jack was the son of: Mr. Barthwick
In the lesson, ‘Act III of Silver Box’, Mr. Roper was
Jack’s: lawyer
The theme of the ‘Act
III of Silver Box’ is: injustice
“Act
III of Silver Box” is a play about: injustice
Mr. Barthwick’s son Jack stole a: purse
SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS:
Q: 01. What purpose, in your opinion, is served by
beginning this act of the play with the case of the Livens girls, which has
nothing to do with the main story?
Ans: The Livens
Girls case has no direct connection with the actual story but the main purpose
served by beginning this act of the play with the case of the Livens girls is
to introduce poor and helpless children and the need of help for them from
government and rich people. It gives foretaste to the reader of what is going
to follow. What Livens were suffering had to suffer by the Jones children when
their father will go to prison and mother will become unemployed. The English
legal system was faulty and the poor had to put up with a lot of injustice. The
magistrate thus shows little interest in the case and he hits on the expedient
by sending them on remand of a week hastily.
Q: 02. Why are Mr. Barthwick and
his son so anxious that as little as possible should be said in court about the
purse and the money that Jones had in his possession?
Ans: Act III of
Silver Box is a play about ideas and the behaviour of Society. Mr. Jack Barthwick
had snatched or taken the sky-blue purse from somebody when he was drunk. Jones
had later taken this purse from Mr. Barthwick’s house. So, as Mr. Barthwick is
a respectable member of the society he doesn’t want this incident to be
recorded and discussed in the court. This will pull the cat out of the bag.
Therefore, he and his son were so anxious that as little as possible should be
said in court about the purse and the money that Jones had in his possession.
Q: 03. What function is Mr. Roper discharging in the Magistrate’s court?
Ans: Mr. Roper is
solicitor of Mr. Barthwick and his son. He is helping the court and magistrate
to understand the situation regarding them, as they want it to be explained.
Q: 04. What facts does Marlowe’s evidence establish?
Ans: Marlow is the
manservant of Mr. Barthwick. He mentioned that he had placed the silver
cigarette box on the dining table at 6 Rockingham Gate, between 10:45 and 11:00
on the night of Easter Monday and when he went to remove the tray from the
table on the next morning , he found the silver box missing. That time Mrs.
Jones was in the room. He had reported the loss of the box to the police on Mr.
Barthwick’s request.
Q: 05. From the Constable’s evidence we learn that Mrs. Jones was the first to be charged with the theft. Why was this so?
Ans: Mrs. Jones
was the first to be charged with the theft because she worked as a charwoman at
Mr. Barthwick’s house and she was alone in
the dining room when the silver box was found missing. When constable
went to her home, he found the silver box lying on the table. Mr. Jones was her
husband. She looked responsible for the theft or of bringing her husband there
who took the silver box thus she looked involved in the theft.
Q: 06. What led the Constable to arrest and charge Jones as well?
Ans: The constable had arrested and charged Mr. James Jones as
well because when he went to arrest Mrs. Jones, he tried to make the police
understand that he had taken the box and his wife was innocent which was taken
as defensive act to protect his wife by police and at last Mr. Jones attacked
the constable and hit him. He himself confessed that he had entered Mr.
Barthwick’s house and had stolen the silver box in drunken condition.
Q: 07. Briefly give the probable reasons for the Magistrate’s decision to discharge Mrs. Jones.
Ans: Magistrate
has seen plenty of life and decided a large number of cases which taught him a
lesson that a good judge is expected neither to take side with the complainant
nor the accused. He fully realizes that by convicting her he would bring slur
upon the character of Mrs. Jones who would for that reason be thrown out of
employment and after the proceedings he comes to know that there was no proof
against her, she was innocent and on the other hand Mr. Barthwick didn’t want
to press charge as to the box considering the poverty of the prisoners so, he
decided to discharge Mrs. Jones.
Q: 08. Briefly discuss whether
the Magistrate gives Jones a fair trial.
Ans: The
Magistrate doesn’t give Jones a fair trial and appeared to be rather strict
with Mr. James Jones. Barthwick Junior (Jack Barthwick) is implicated in the
crime to some extent and he had also taken the sky-blue purse while he was
drunk but evidence against him was suppressed by a liberal use of money. The
magistrate is prejudiced against the lower class and therefore, sends Mr. Jones
to jail and Barthwick Jr. Scott free by personifying the justice and doesn’t
give Jones a fair trial. The contrast between his fate and Jack’s clearly shows
us that justice has not been done.
Q: 09. Assuming that Jones has received a fair trial, why does this act of the play leave us with a feeling that injustice has been done?
Q: What does the play “ACT III of the Silver Box” leave us in a feeling of injustice? OR
Q: “Act III of the Silver
Box” leaves us with a feeling that injustice has been done. Discuss. OR
Q: Why does the trial of
Jones seem to be unfair in “Act III of the Silver Box”? OR
Q: Was the trial of Jones
fair? State the reasons. OR
Q: Was justice done to the family of Mr. James Jones? Explain.
Ans: No, rather injustice was
done to the family of Mr. James Jones. The Magistrate doesn’t give Jones a fair
trial and appeared to be rather strict with Mr. James Jones. Barthwick Junior
(Jack Barthwick) is implicated in the crime to some extent and he had also
taken the sky-blue purse while he was drunk but evidence against him was
suppressed by a liberal use of money and power by his father. The magistrate is
prejudiced against the lower class and therefore, sends Mr. Jones to jail and
Barthwick Jr. Scott free by personifying the justice and doesn’t give Jones a
fair trial. The contrast between his fate and Jack’s clearly shows us that
justice has not been done. The magistrate did not do justice.
Q: 10. What do you imagine to be the unspoken plea that Mrs. Jones makes to Mr. Barthwick at the very end?
Ans: Mrs. Jones
perhaps wanted to request Mr. Barthwick to speak to the magistrate on her
behalf to have her husband excused and be freed. Though it was too late but yet
she tried to beg him to help her through her silent gestures.
Q: 11. Write the brief character sketch of Mrs. Jones.
Ans: ACT III of
Silver box depicts very short character of Mrs. Jones mentioning the qualities
that she posses.
Simple and Honest: Barthwick’s charwoman is a simple lady;
she knows very little about the worldly matters as to serve the master’s family
has been the only goal of her life. She has kept herself very honest throughout
her services and this has helped her to continue her job at master’s house in
satisfying way.
Innocent and Hardworking: The
statement she gives in the court clearly shows that she was quite innocent. She
had served her masters with devotion and honesty. Nothing is artificial in her
statement and it is all truth. She tells innocently that she was dreadfully
upset to find the silver box in her husband’s pocket.
Unfortunate and Unhappy: It is really
her bad luck that her husband was not helping her in any way and she was quite
unhappy in her domestic life. Such life itself had no charm in it for her.
Q: 12. Write the brief character sketch of Mr. Jones.
Ans: Mr. Jones’s
character has been drawn by Galsworthy in a spirit of realism. He doesn’t point
him as a hero or a great man. He is rough and fed up of the treatment he gets
at the hand of society. He gets more irritated when he notices that
preferential treatment was being shown to Jack, who had committed a similar
crime.
As a man: As a man he shows a good deal of courage
and has great regard for his own honour and good name of his wife. He loves his
children and is worried about their future. He is a poor labourer and is out of
employment but has his own tough and crude but upright sense of justice.
His Class: He stands for
his class that the poor, hardworking laboureres are looked down upon by the
society owing their poverty but are defiant and out to hold their hands unbent.
Q: 13. What is the basic theme or moral of the play “Act III of Silver Box”? OR
Q: What is the message of the play “Act III of the Silver Box”?
Ans: The condition
of poor and jobless people, injustice of the English courts of the Writer’s
time and the awareness that Government and rich people should step forward to
help needy, poor, jobless and sufferings is the theme of the play “Act III of
Silver Box.”
Q: 14. On what reasons does the magistrate appear to have been so strict and rude to Mr. Jones?
Ans: The
Magistrate appears to have been so strict against Mr. Jones because of his
assault to the constable, his rudeness and roughness against the accusation
brought against him and for losing temper when he found that preferential
treatment was meted out to Jack Barthwick.
Q: 15. What crime had Jones committed in the "ACT III of Silver Box"?
Ans: Mr. James Jones had taken
the box and attacked the constable when he had tried to arrest Mrs. Jones. He
himself confessed that he had entered Mr. Barthwick’s house and had stolen the
silver box in drunken condition.
Q: 16. What is the role of Mr. Barthwick in the play “Act III of the Silver Box”?
Ans: Mr. Barthwick has
played the role of a highly respected British parliament member. He belongs to
the Liberal party. He has played the role of a powerful politician who uses his
power and money for unfair means and to protect his son’s crime at every cost. At
the end of the play, he doesn’t hear the silent plea of Mrs. Jones rather walks
out of the court letting Jones and his family suffer a long-lasting punishment.
Q: 17. What picture has John Galsworthy presented in the "ACT III of Silver Box"?
Ans: The condition of poor and jobless people, injustice of the English courts of the Writer’s time and the awareness that Government and rich people should step forward to help needy, poor, jobless and sufferings is the picture depicted by John Galsworthy in the play “Act III of Silver Box.”
UNIT SIX "THE WORLD AS I SEE IT"
By: ALBERT EINSTEIN
MCQs:
- “The
World As I See It” is written by:
●
D.Y. Morgan ● Bertrand Russell ● Liaquat Ali Khan ● Albert Einstein
- Albert
Einstein was born in the year:
●
1966 ● 1866 ● 1879 ● 1897
- Albert
Einstein died in the year:
●
1954 ● 1855 ● 1967 ● 1955
- Albert
Einstein is regarded as a greatest mathematical:
●
scientist ● novelist ● dramatist ● Physicist
- Albert
Einstein has given the famous theory of:
●
science ● energy ● drama ● relativity
- Albert
Einstein was born in:
●
Italy ● America ● England ●
Germany
- Albert
Einstein was awarded Noble Prize for:
●
Mathematics ● Physics ●
Drawing ● Chemistry
- Albert
Einstein was awarded Noble Prize in the year:
●
1926 ● 1926 ● 1921 ● 1834
- According
to Albert Einstein, we live for our:
●
children ● parents ● fellowmen ● scientists
- Einstein
was strongly driven to:
●
richness ● poverty ● fellow-men ● simple life
- Einstein regarded class difference as
contrary to:
●
injustice ● poverty ● justice ● simple life
- Einstein
considers that plain living is good for everybody, physically and:
●
clinically ● naturally ● mentally ● artificially
- Albert
Einstein was inspired by the sayings of:
●
Tang ● Alexander ● Russell ● Schopenhauer
- Schopenhauer
was a _______ philosopher.
●
Chinese ● Japanese ● German ● American
- According
to Albert Einstein, Truth, Goodness and _______ have lightened his
ways.
●
Cruelty ● beauty ● leadership ●
luxury
- Albert
Einstein hates property, outward success and:
●
lavishness ● beauty ● leadership ● luxury
- The
ordinary objects of human endeavour property, outward success and luxury
have always seemed to Albert Einstein as:
●
acceptable ● negligible ● contemptible ● deniable
- Einstein’s
political ideal is:
●
communism ● autocracy ● capitalism ● democracy
- Einstein
believes that every man should be respected as an individual and no man:
●
satirized ●
ionized ● mechanized ● idolized
- Einstein claims that he is a deeply
_______ man.
●
communist ● autocrat ● capitalist ● religious
- Phrase “gang my gait” means:
●
go on the way of religion ● go
on one’s own way
● go on
fellow-being’s way ● go on the
prophet’s way
MCQS OF BOARD PAPERS:
The ideals which inspired Einstein were: truth,
goodness and beauty
Albert Einstein is regarded as the greatest
mathematical: Physicist
According to Albert Einstein, the sound sense of
nations has been corrupted by: school and the press
The fairest thing we can experience is: mysterious
Einstein
believes that everyman should be respected as an individual and no man be: idolized
Albert Einstein believed in: democracy
The Political ideal of
Albert Einstein was: democracy
According to Einstein the
best form of government is: democracy
The renowned philosopher, Schopenhauer was a: German
Einstein considered ‘property, outward success and luxury’ as a thing which is:
contemptible
Albert Einstein’s political ideal is: Democracy
According to Einstein, the fairest thing we
can experience is: the
mysterious
SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS:
Q: 01. What
leads Einstein to feel a strong sense of duty towards his fellowmen?
Ans: Einstein feels a strong sense of duty towards his fellowman
as he knows that we are here to stay in this world for sometime so, his inner
and outer life depends on the labour of other men. Therefore, we should serve
others well. Our happiness and welfare depends on our fellowmen and we all have
the same fate. He feels a strong feeling to repay the society in the same way
as it has done to him.
Q: 02. What
is his attitude to property, outward success and luxury? OR
Q: What is the attitude of Albert Einstein to property, outward success and luxury?
Ans: Einstein believes that simple life is the best and there is
no need to acquire much property or wealth. Outward success, luxury and
property are ordinary objects of human endeavour as they create mean and
inhuman attributes in man if followed. There is no need to impress others with
success or glory as the life of satisfaction is the true life therefore, the
use of luxuries and comforts is not very important.
Q: 03. What
are the ‘insecure foundations’ referred to at the end of the last sentence of
the fourth paragraph?
Ans: Mutual understanding and sympathy, the way of geniality and
light heartedness cause a man to avoid forming his opinion and judgments and these
are the insecure foundations referred by Albert Einstein at the end of the last
sentence of the fourth paragraph.
Q: 04. What, in brief, is Einstein’s attitude to leadership? OR
Q: What is Einstein’s attitude towards leadership? OR
Q: What are Einstein’s views about leadership? OR
Q: What is Einstein’s attitude to leadership? OR
Q: What are Einstein’s views about democracy?
Ans: Einstein believes that the right way of leadership is
democracy not autocracy like that of USA. The leaders or rulers should be
elected in a free way by the people for definite long periods of time, who know
all the issues of the state and can deal with them easily, so that they may design and follow long-term
policies for the public good.
Q: 05. On
what grounds does Einstein put the individual before the State?
Ans: In Einstein’s view the most valuable thing in human life is
the creative and sensitive individual who alone creates the noble and sublime.
He is the one who brings glory to the country while other common men remain dull
in thought and in feelings.
Q: 06. What
example does he give of service by the State to the individual?
Ans: The service by the state to an individual done in the fields
of medical treatment and economic assistance are the examples of service by the
state to the individual. It is only possible in a democratic state where every
individual can be facilitated.
Q: 07. What
is his attitude to war?
Ans: War is a mean contemptible thing which is based on
commercial and political interests of rulers and nations so Einstein hates the
war and says that it would disappear if these interests were not there man
would have respected and worked for each other.
Q: 08. What forces does he blame for the persistence of war?
Ans: Einstein blames commercial
and political interests of rulers and nations for the persistence of war beside
the lust of power and superiority. Einstein says that war would disappear if
these interests were not there and man had the sound sense of nations not being
systematically corrupted by the school and press.
Q: 09. What does he appear to regard as the most precious element in human experience?
Q: What does Einstein appear to regard as the most precious element in human experience?
Elucidate.
Ans: Einstein appears to regard mysterious or hidden in life as
basis of true art and science, as the most precious element in human experience.
According to him mystery compels one to find out the truth and the hidden
reality and a person who cannot feel amusement in knowing mystery, is a person
with dull soul who cannot do anything for the betterment of society.
Q: 10. What
is his belief concerning the immortality of the soul?
Ans: Einstein believes that there is no life after death and that
the soul is not immortal but the actions and the deeds of a man makes him
immortal and alive in the memories of people.
Q: 11. What
is his belief concerning the purpose of life?
Ans: According to Einstein the real purpose of life is unknown to
man. We can say that the purpose of life is to serve our fellowmen. Human
beings cannot live alone so, they should help each other. Man should not run
after wealth and property but truth, goodness and beauty are to be taken as
best ideals.
Q: 12. What
is his belief concerning the Human freedom?
Ans: According to Einstein man’s actions are guided by inner
emotions and external circumstances. It means that man is not free in his
actions. This thing saves us from the sense of responsibility and in this way
man leads a happy life.
Q: 13. What
is his belief concerning politics?
Ans: According to Einstein democracy is the ideal politics. In
democracy, every man is respected but no man is worshipped. He likes the
presidential system of democracy in which one man is responsible for the whole
administration and is elected by the free will of the people.
Q: 14. What
is his belief concerning God and religion?
Ans: According to Einstein he is a religious man. He says that
God is not like ourselves who reward and punishes. In his views, God means
reality and religion means the search for it. As being a scientist he has no
faith in life after death.
Q:
15. Which are Albert Einstein’s ideals and which are not? OR
Q: Elaborate the personality of Elbert Einstein as revealed in, “The World As I See it”.
Ans: Einstein
feels a strong sense of duty towards his fellowmen as he knows that we are here
to stay in this world for some time so, his inner and outer life depends on the
labour of other men. Therefore, we should serve others well. Our happiness and
welfare depends on our fellowmen and we all have the same fate. He feels a
strong feeling to repay the society in the same way as it has done to him. Einstein
believes that simple life is the best and there is no need to acquire much
property or wealth. Outward success, luxury and property are ordinary objects
of human endeavour as they create mean and inhuman attributes in man if
followed. There is no need to impress others with success or glory as the life
of satisfaction is the true life therefore, the use of luxuries and comforts is
not very important. He has a faith that mutual understanding and sympathy, the
way of geniality and light heartedness cause a man to avoid forming his opinion
and judgments and these are the insecure foundations. Einstein believes that
the right way of leadership is democracy not Autocracy like that of USA. The
leaders or rulers should be elected in a free way by the people for definite
long periods of time, who know all the issues of the state and can deal with
them easily. so that they may design and
follow long-term policies for the public good. In Einstein’s view the most
valuable thing in human life is the creative and sensitive individual who alone
creates the noble and sublime. He is the one who brings glory to the country
while other common man remains dull in thought and in feelings.
The service by the state to an individual done in the fields
of medical treatment and economic assistance are the examples of service by the
state to the individual. It is only possible in a democratic state where every
individual can be facilitated. He says that war is a mean and contemptible
thing which is based on commercial and political interests of rulers and
nations so Einstein hates the war and says that it would disappear if these
interests were not there man would have respected and worked for each other. Einstein
blames commercial and political
interests of rulers and nations for the persistence of war beside the lust of
power and superiority. Einstein says that war would disappear if these
interests were not there and man had the sound sense of nations not being
systematically corrupted.
Einstein regards mysterious or hidden in life as basis of
true art and science, as the most precious element in human experience.
According to him mystery compels one to find out the truth and the hidden
reality and a person who cannot feel amusement in knowing mystery is a person
with dull soul who cannot do anything for the betterment of society. Einstein believes that there is no life after
death and that the soul is not immortal but the actions and the deeds of a man
makes him immortal and alive in the memories of people. The real purpose of
life is unknown to man. We can say that the purpose of life is to serve our
fellowmen. Human beings cannot live alone so, they should help each other. Man
should not run after wealth and property but truth, goodness and beauty are to
be taken as best ideals. According to Einstein man’s actions are guided by
inner emotions and external circumstances. It means that man is not free in his
actions. This thing saves us from the sense of responsibility and in this way
man leads a happy life.
Democracy is his ideal in politics. In democracy, every man
is respected but no man is worshipped. He likes the presidential system of
democracy in which one man is responsible for the whole administration and is
elected by the free will of the people.
Einstein is a religious man. He says
that God is not like ourselves who reward and punish. In his views, God means
reality and religion means the search for it. As being a scientist, he has no
faith in life after death.
UNIT SEVEN "THE DEVOTED FRIEND"
BY: OSCAR WILDE
1. “The Devoted Friend” is written by:
● James Thurber ● Oscar Wilde ● Liaquat Ali Khan ● Frank Arthur
2. Oscar Wilde was born in the year:
● 1854 ● 1853 ● 1867 ● 1851
3. Oscar Wilde died in the year:
● 1954 ● 1800 ● 1900 ● 1905
4. Oscar Wilde was born in:
● Edinburg ● Yorkshire ● Dublin ● Ireland
5. “The Devoted Friend” is more than an exquisitely told little fairy:
● fiction ● novel ● poem ● tale
6. “The Devoted Friend” shows comically _______ friendship.
● many sided ● three sided ● one sided ● two sided
7. The story of Hans and Miller is narrated by _______ to:
● duck, the linnet ● linnet, water-rat ● Hans, The Miller ● water-rat, duck
8. Everybody went to the little Hans’ funeral, as he was so popular and the chief mourner was.
● Blacksmith ● the miller ● the Miller’s son ● water-rat
9. Oscar Wilde was a strong supporter of the doctrine of: art of art’s sake
10. “You are certainly very thoughtful about others, very thoughtful indeed.” This sentence is spoken by: The Miller’s wife
11. “How well you talk. Really I feel quite drowsy. It is just like being in Church”. The speaker is: The Miller’s Wife
12. “The Devoted Friend” is a story of: one-sided friendship
13. The Miller refused to give Hans his: Wheel-barrow
14. According to the Miller, real friends should have everything in: common
15. Every good story teller nowadays starts with the end, and goes on to the beginning and concluded with the: middle
MCQS OF BOARD PAPERS:
Oscar Wilde was a strong supporter of the doctrine of: art of art’s sake
“You are certainly very thoughtful about others, very thoughtful indeed.” This sentence is spoken by: The Miller’s wife
“How well you talk. Really I feel quite drowsy. It is just like being in Church”. The speaker is: The Miller’s Wife
“The Devoted Friend” is based upon comically one-sided: friendship
“The Devoted Friend” is a story of: one-sided friendship
One-sided friendship is the theme of: The Devoted Friend
The Miller refused to give Hans his: Wheel-barrow
According to the Miller, real friends should have everything in: common
Every good story teller nowadays starts with the end, and goes on to the beginning and concluded with the: middle
The story of the devoted friend was told by: Green Linnet
SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS:
Q: 01. Briefly explain why the story of Hans and the Miller was applicable to the Water-rat.
Ans: The story of Hans and the Miller was applicable to the Water-rat because water rat was extremely selfish like the Miller. The Miller expected devotion from Hans but never paid him in the same coin. Water Rat told the Linnet that he expected his friend to be devoted to him alone. It means that just as the Miller used little Hans to his own advantage, the water rat wanted to use his friend for himself alone. Thus the story of the Miller and Hans was applicable to the water rat.
Q: 02. When do we first suspect that the Miller was not really a very good friend to Hans?
Ans: When we read that the neighbours think that the rich Miller never gave little Hans anything while he took as much of flowers from Hans’s garden. We first suspect that the Miller was not really a very good friend to Hans.
Q: 03. How did the Miller justify his not asking Hans to share some of his good things during the winter? OR
Q: What justification did the Miller give for not visiting Hans in winter?
Ans: The Miller justified his not asking Hans to share some of his good things during the winter because then others would have thought him to be very foolish to let others use his things. Moreover, in his opinion, the plenty and warmth of his house in cold weather could made Little Hans envious of his life style and he never wanted little Hans to suffer by any inferiority-complex or not to motivate him to be envied.
Q: 04. How did the Miller’s wife reveal that she too was ready to exploit the generosity of Hans?
Ans: The Miller’s wife revealed that she too was ready to exploit the generosity of little Hans when she handed over a quite big basket to Miller and asked him to get it filled with the flowers from Hans’s garden.
Q: 05. How did the Miller persuade Hans to carry the large sack of flour to market?
Ans: The Miller persuaded Hans to carry the large sack of flour to market by saying that he was going to give his broken Wheelbarrow to Hans. So, he must do what Miller has asked and refusing it will be quite unfriendly oh his account.
Q: 06. How did the Miller justify his rebuke to Hans for staying in bed a little later than usual after his tiring expedition to the market?
Ans: The Miller justified his rebuke to Hans for staying in bed a little later than usual after his tiring expedition to the market by saying that idleness is a great sin and he did not like any of his friends to be idle or sluggish. He told the Little Hans to not to mind his plainly speaking because he was a good friend and supposed to say unpleasant things rather flattering by speaking pleasant words.
Q: 07. Why was Hans unable to look after his garden? OR
Q: Why was Hans unable to look after his garden? What promise was the Miller constantly holding out before him?
Ans: Little Hans was simple and innocent and The Miller was a clever and selfish person. The friendship of Miller was certainly much costly to poor Hans. Clever Miller had disturbed his daily routine badly and he was unable to look after his garden properly. Every now and then Miller was coming around and sending him off on long errands or assigning him some private jobs. The Miller was constantly holding out the promise of giving his useless wheelbarrow before poor Hans.
Q: 08. What was the supreme manifestation of the Miller’s selfishness which caused Hans to lose his life? OR
Q: Which act of selfishness of the miller caused Hans to lose his life?
Ans: The Miller’s greatest indication of selfishness was to not to give his lantern to Hans when it was too dark, stormy, raining cats and dogs and way dangerous to go out to fetch a doctor. Miller’s son had fallen off a ladder and had hurt himself and he wanted Hans to go to the doctor. He refused to lend his lantern by saying that it was his new lantern and he couldn’t afford anything happening to it and causing his friendship ruined for little thing. Hans on his way back, fell into a ditch, drowned and lost his life as the result of Miller’s selfishness.
Q: 09. Comment briefly on the Miller’s claim to have been Hans’s best friend.
Ans: In fact the Miller was Hans’s most selfish friend or a fair-weather friend as he kept getting service from Hans all the time but didn’t do anything for Hans. The Miller and Hans were friends but it was a one-sided friendship. He exploited the innocence and devotedness of poor Hans in a nut shell, one can conclude that Miller’s claim to have been Hans’s best friend was a lie and false.
Q: 10. Compare the characters of the Miller and Little Hans. OR
Q: Make a comparison between the characters of the Miller and Hans.
Ans: The Miller was extremely selfish person who believed in getting help from friends without helping them at all. He had a good theory of friendship but he never acted upon what he said. He often used to say that a friend should serve his friend and by saying this, he got a lot of work from Hans without ever working for him. He made false promises of giving his wheelbarrow to Hans which he never gave. On Little Hans’s death he wept outwardly shedding crocodile tears.
Little Hans on the other hand was not selfish at all and he served his friends without any interest. He didn’t talk about friendship and served his friends silently. Little Hans always spoke the truth and kept his promises. He even gave his life while brining the doctor to the Miller for his son. In fact, Hans was much too simple and honest as compared to the Miller.
Q: 11. The Devoted Friend is a story of one-sided friendship. Discuss. OR
Q: The Miller was a fair-weather friend. Discuss OR
Q: Who is the fair weather friend Hans or Miller? State with reasons.OR
Q: Why do we say that Hugh the Miller is a selfish friend to little Hans?OR
Q: Do you agree that the Miller was a fair-weather friend?
Ans: This story has been told by a song bird (Linnet) to water rat and a duck. The water rat was very selfish and friendship wasn’t a matter of give and take for him but only to take and to keep taking. So the Miller was just like the water rat. This story tells us about one-sided friendship in which Hans was the real devoted friend and Miller though claimed to be best friend, was a selfish and fair-weather friend. He believed that a friend should get all the help without giving any help to others.
Q: 12. How does Hugh, the Miller, deceive little Hans in the lesson “Devoted Friend”? OR
Q: How does the Miller deceive Little Hans?
Ans: The Miller was a fair-weather friend as he always turned up in good times (Spring) to collect a basket-full flowers from the garden of Hans, sometimes to keep him busy in his own work and to take away his things for his own purposes. He used to claim that he is the best friend of Hans and it is the duty of Hans to share everything with him. On the other hand he never visited Hans in bad times when Hans had no money or flowers that he could sale and buy his bread and butter.
Q: 13. Give a sketch of Hans, the gardener?
Ans: Little Hans was a selfless and devoted friend who served his friends without any interest. He didn’t talk about friendship and served others silently. Little Hans always spoke the truth and kept his promises. He even gave his life while bringing the doctor to the miller’s son. In fact, Hans was much too simple and honest as compared to the Miller.
UNIT NINE "AN
ASTRONOMER’S VIEW OF THE UNIVERSE"
By: JAMES JEANS
SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS:
Q:
01. Why it is improbable that one particular stat will ever come close to
another?
Ans: It is improbable
that one particular star will ever come closer to another because the Universe
is so spacious and stars are voyaging very far away from each other, each all
alone.
Q: 02. What is Jeans’s explanation of how the planets came to be formed from the sun?
Ans:
According to Jeans, when two thousand million years ago one star by chance came
closer to another, it raised huge tides on the other’s surface and when it
started moving away, these huge tides of burning matter got torn away in pieces
and fell into space (Big Bang Theory). Later these burning masses got cooler
and became planets of our Solar system including earth.
Q: 03. How does a planet, such as earth, derive its warmth?
Ans:
A planet, such as earth, derives its warmth from the radiations Sun pours on
it.
Q: 04. What does Jeans imagine the first forms of life on earth to have been like?
Ans:
According to Jeans, the first forms of life on earth to have been like simple
unicellular organisms that reproduced themselves and soon died. These were like
small particles of living beings.
Q: 05. Why are our first impressions of an astronomer’s picture of the universe likely to make us feel that humanity is insignificant?
Ans:
Our first impressions of an astronomer’s picture of the universe likely to make
us feel that humanity is insignificant as he observes fearful and meaningless
distances between heavenly bodies, vast durations of time that are much longer
than the history of life on Earth and the complete loneliness of the Earth
without any companion heavenly body around.
Q: 06. How does Jeans justify his assertion that ‘the universe appears to be actively hostile to life like our own’?
Ans:
Jeans justifies his assertion that ‘The universe appears to be actively hostile
to life like our own’ by telling that the Universe appears to be hostile to
life like our own because our world is extremely small in comparison with the
universe and its indifference to our world and life.
Q: 07. Why does a planetary system seem to be the only kind of environment on which life could originate?
Ans:
A planetary system seems to be the only kind of environment on which life could
originate because a planetary system has suitable physical conditions required
for life like proper temperature, air and food available and present in it.
Q: 08. What is the temperature of most of space?
Ans:
The temperature of most of space is some four degrees above absolute zero,
about 484 degrees of frost on our Fahrenheit scale and even lower in the vast
distances of space.
Q:
09. Why does it seem incredible to Jeans that the universe was designed
primarily to produce life like our own?
Ans:
It seem incredible to Jeans that the universe was designed primarily to produce
life like our own as he believes that the origin of planets was a Stellar
Encounter and the pieces by and by cooled down to become planets. As the suns
and the stars in the universe are very hot and earth has cooled down by losing
her warmth so the life can only exist on the earth due to the favourable
conditions of life present here.
Q: 10. Why is the origin of life still a riddle to the scientists?
Ans:
The origin of life still a riddle to the scientists because they cannot decide
even till today that how life came into being when the earth began cooling
after getting separated from the sun. There are two different schools of
thoughts among the scientists about the origin of life.
UNIT TEN: "LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE"
By: JAMES BUTLER
SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS:
Q: 01. What new theory concerning the origin of the planets is presented by Professor Butler?
Ans: The new theory concerning the origin of the planets is presented by Professor Butler which states that the planets originated with the breakup of a star in a huge explosion which produced a million planetary systems in our own galaxy.
Q: 02. What in brief are his views on the probability of life existing in worlds other than our own?
Ans: According to Butler, The conditions of air, water, food etc. may exist on other planets or in another world as well and life there may have passed through stages similar to those in this world so, life can exist in different forms on some other planets than Earth too.
Q: 03. What had to be understood for chemistry to become a scientist?
Ans: The basic concept on which the Chemistry is built up is that chemicals can be combined to form some new chemical substances having different properties from the properties of the original ones had to be understood for chemistry to become a scientist.
Q: 04. Who was responsible for the atomic theory of chemistry?
Ans: Dalton was responsible for the Atomic Theory of Chemistry.
Q: 05. What was the original distinction between ‘organic’ and ‘inorganic’ substances? Does this distinction still hold food in modern science?
Ans: The original distinction between ‘organic’ and ‘inorganic’ substances was compounds prepared from living substances are called “Organic” and others “Inorganic”. No, this distinction does not hold food in modern science now.
Q: 06. How does Butler justify his belief in the importance of scientific research into the nature of living things?
Ans: Butler justifies his belief in the importance of scientific research into the nature of living things by saying that increased knowledge of man’s knowledge about universe, life, origination of life, chemistry and structure of substances is just because of scientific research into the nature of living things.
Q: 07. How, according to Butler, was science responsible for fostering a popular belief that man is insignificant?
Ans: According to Butler, science was responsible for fostering a popular belief that man is insignificant because it was formerly believed that life came on Earth by chance and there was no life on other planets than Earth and our Earth is like a grain of sand from all the grains of sands on all the seashores of the world as compared to its size and presence in the vast universe.
Q: 08. Why does Butler think that calculating machines ought not to be called ‘mechanical brains’?
Ans: Butler thinks that calculating machines ought not to be called ‘mechanical brains’ because they cannot be equal to human brain. They are limited in their performance and can never be as intensive or powerful as the human brain is.
Q: 09. Why did the scientists of the Nineteenth century tend to find simplicity in the universe?
Ans: The scientists of the Nineteenth century tend to find simplicity in the universe because the scientist dealt with the elemental or basic forces and not with the true complexities. So he was inclined to find simplicity in the universe and tried to understand the universe in terms of some simple relation between physical realities.
Q: 10. Why, according to Butler, is modern science likely to restore man’s faith in his own importance in the universe?
Ans: According to Butler, modern science is likely to restore man’s faith in his own importance in the universe by helping him to study the complexities of human existence and the richness of human of astronomers, mathematicians and physicists have shown the depth and width of human intelligence and understandings.
Q: 11. Compare and contrast Jeans’s and Butler’s views about the origin of Earth.
Ans: According to Jeans, the creation of earth is the result of Stellar Encounter. Two thousand million years ago, a wandering star came very close to the sun and created tides on the surface of the sun. a huge amount of matter was torn off the sun and got scattered in the universe in the shape of small pieces. Our earth is one of those pieces. According to Butler, the creation of earth is the result of the explosion of stars in which a big star exploded near our sun and threw off small pieces of matter which later made the earth and other planets.
Q: 12. Compare and contrast Jeans’s and Butler’s views about the place of life.
Ans: According to Jeans, life is something unimportant. It is a by-product which came into existence by chance or by mistake. The universe is indifferent and hostile to life. Life exists only on Earth and our earth is like one millionth part of a grain of sand in the universe. So man is alone in the universe and he is an insignificant creature. According to Butler, life isn’t as unimportant as Jeans thinks and it is found on other planets also. According to their gravity and climate, the shape and form of life on other planet may be different. He believes that man is important in the universe, not because of his size but because of his intelligence.