UNIT FIVE : (#: 05 CHARACTER – BUILDING)

 HOW MUCH LAND DOES A MAN NEED?

By: LEO TOLSTOY

Q: Write the Contextual Meanings of the following words:

S. #	PHRASE	MEANING
01.	grew tired of	became bored of frustrated
02.	to look after	to take care or to manage
03.	to reckon it out	to calculate or figure something out
04.	go around on your feet	to walk around a specific area on own feet
05.	get around	to complete a circuit, to move around
06.	dispersed for	scattered or went away for a particular reason (rest)
07.	saw through	observed clearly; realized or noticed something
08.	flashed above	appeared suddenly and brightly above (the sun)
09.	done up with	completely exhausted or worn out
10.	giving way	collapsing or falling physically; losing strength

Q: Read the statements and choose the correct option.

1. One of the following objects used as metaphor in this story is:

A. sun                                                                          B. land

C. spade                                                                      D. fur cap

2. Pahom takes _________ with him as he starts measuring the land.

A a spade                                                                     B. a compass

C. a map                                                                      D. a sack of gold

3. The story expresses an irony on human's:

A. success                                                                   B. humility

C. worldly possessions                                               D. desire to grasp more

4. Which of the following proverbs befit the message of the story?

A. Tit for tat.                                                               B. What you give, repays you.

C. Pride goes before a fall.                                          D. Greed is a bottomless pit.

5. ‘Which of the following characteristics are found in Pahom?

A. unsatisfied and desirous                                         B. contented and proud.

C. humble and kind                                                     D. wise and watchful.

6. How does Pahom mark the land as he walks?

A. He digs holes and piles up turf.                              B. He plants flags

C. He piles the mud.                                                   D. He digs holes and sows seeds.

7. “Though it will make my land lopsided, I must hurry back in a straight line now…” the underlined word means:

A. balanced                                                                 B. uneven

C. straight                                                                    D. round

8. The length of Pahom’s grave at the end of the story symbolizes:

A. His will for a simple burial                                    B. His humility in death

C. the irony of his greed for land                                D. The Bashkir’s respect for his achievement

SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS:

Answer the following questions after reading the text.

Q: 01. What moral/lesson do you learn from the story of Pahom?

Ans: Greed leads to destruction. No matter how much one acquires, it is meaningless if it costs one’s life or happiness.

Q: 02. What urged Pahom to abandon his well-settled life and desire for more land?

Ans: He was never satisfied with what he had. Hearing about the fertile, cheap land of the Bashkir’s fueled his greed.

Q: 03. Describe what thoughts Pahom had about grasping the land?

Ans: He thought he could gain vast amounts of land for little money, imagining how wealthy and powerful it would make him.

Q: 04. What strategy did Pahom use to mark the land that he covered while walking on it?

Ans: Pahom dug holes at intervals and piled up turf to mark his path.

Q: 05. How did Pahom's attitude change, from being confident to fear of losing both life and land, as he went on in measuring the land?

Ans:  Pahom was initially confident, he went on as fast as he could but this didn’t last for long. He grew exhausted and desperate as he realized he might not return before sunset, fearing he would lose everything.

Q: 06. Do you think Pahom was pushing himself too hard while ‘walking to cover as much land as possible? How?

Ans: Yes, he ignored physical limits, running until he collapsed, showing how greed blinded him to reason.

Q: 07. Why was the Chief of Bashkirs laughing on Pahom's efforts?

Ans: He recognized Pahom’s foolish greed – the more land he tried to claim, the more he risked losing everything including his own life.

Q: 08. What does the ending of the story reveal about Pahom's character?

Ans: His insatiable greed led to his downfall. In death, he only needed “six feet” of land highlighting the futility of his desires.

Q: Following table contains the events / incidents occurring in the above-story. Read the story carefully and give numbers to the events/incidents in proper order as they occur in the story.

S. NO	STATEMENT
01.	He marks on the land by digging a hole and piling the turf on it.
02.	He feels tired and exhausted yet does not stop from running to grasp more.
03.	Out of exhaustion, fatigue and tiredness, he loses his breath and dies.
04.	He is buried in the grave of six feet
05.	He runs hard to grasp as much land as possible when sun is above his head.
06.	He feels he would not be able to reach at the starting point when the sun is about to set.
07.	Bakhshir's chief shares the terms and conditions for the land purchase.
08.	Pahom Sells his land, homestead, and other things to buy the land beyond Volga.
09.	Pahom is introduced to the reader.

Q: Read each statement below and write T for true or F for false.

S. NO	COLUMN A	T / F
01.	Pahom was a wealthy landowner who was satisfied with his land.	False
02.	Pahom heard about fertile land beyond the Volga from a passing traveler.	True
03.	After selling his land and cattle, Pahom moved his family to the new settlement.	True
04.	Pahom was content with his new land and did not want any more.	False
05.	A land dealer told Pahom that he could buy land from the Bashikirs for a very low price.	True
06.	The Bashkirs sold land by the acre, and Pahom knew exactly how much he could buy.	False
07.	Pahom was required to retum to the starting point before sunset to keep the land he covered.	True
08.	Pahom took many breaks during his land measuring journey.	False
09.	Pahom was able to successfully return to the starting point before the sun set.	False
10.	Pahom died of exhaustion just as he reached the cap marking the end of his journey.	True

Q: Match the sentences of actions by Pahom in Column A with the reasons in Column B and write the complete statements in your notebook.

COLUMN A	COLUMN B
Pahom was not satisfied with because he imagined his forty acres of land
Pahom decided to sell his homestead and move to the new settlement	because he believed that more land would lead to greater prosperity
Pahom was motivated to seek out the Bashkirs' land	because he was enticed by the tales of fertile land beyond Volga
Pahom felt a growing sense of urgency	because the sun was setting and he needed to return to the starting point to secure his land
Pahom ultimately collapsed and died	because he pushed himself too hard in his quest for more land
Pahom ignored his physical limits during his journey	because he was driven by greed and the desire to claim as much land as possible
Pahom felt a sense of excitement and hope	because he imagined the riches that owning more land could bring him
Pahom rented additional land for wheat cultivation	because he wanted to increase his harvest and earn more profit

GRAMMAR-:

ADVERBAL PHRASE AND CLAUSE

Q: Underline the Adverb Phrases in the following sentences and encircle the Verb it modifies.

S. No	Column A	Column B
01.	She answered the questions in a very rude manner	She answered the question in a very rude manner.
02.	He does his work without care	He does his work without care.
03.	They are coming at this very moment.	They are coming at this very moment.
04.	The book fell on this spot.	The book fell on this spot.
05.	She fell to the ground.	She fell to the ground.
06.	Nothing can live on the moon.	Nothing can live on the moon.
07.	Honesty is written on his face.	Honesty is written on his face.
08.	Come into the room, Jabbar.	Come into the room, Jabbar
09.	I stood on the bridge at midnight	I stood on the bridge at midnight
10.	They fought to the last man.	They fought to the last man.

Q: Underline the Adverb Clause in each sentence and write its role. The first one is done for you as an example.

S. NO	SENTENCE	FUNCTION
01.	While you were gone, we cleaned the house.	Time
02.	The judge dismissed the case because there was not enough evidence.	Reason
03.	The chief guest will speak after everyone has eaten. Whenever it rains, Erum stays in bed and reads magazines. In that situation they acted as if the sky had fallen.	Time
04.	The family moved to another city when the company relocated.	Time
05.	Although there is little we can do, we will try our best to help you.	Concession
06.	If the plant is watered regularly, it will grow to be five feet tall.	Condition
07.	Please decide upon a colour so that the painter can put us into her schedule.	Purpose
08.	Whenever it rains, Erum stays in bed and reads magazines.	Time
09.	In that situation they acted as if the sky had fallen.	Manner
10.	At the sound of the bell, the horses will run unless you keep the reins tight.	Condition

Q: Underline Adverbial Phrases and Clauses in the given passage.

For a long time, the story of Amelia Earhart remained a mystery. She became famous as a flyer before she vanished without a trace sometime in July 1937. As a young woman, Amelia fell in love with flying. She was determined, without any wavering, that she would soar in the sky. Soon, she was spending all her free time on weekends at distant places. She was seen practicing flying wherever there was chance. She was soon offered an opportunity to be the first woman to cross the Atlantic Ocean, flying from America to England. Amelia was showered with attention when she successfully completed the flight. Amelia was determined to repeat the flight without anybody accompanying her. She completed the flight in 1932, becoming the first woman to fly across the Atlantic alone.

After this, Amelia became even more famous. Even before this, she wanted to become the first female pilot to fly round the world. She flew across various countries where she was showered with praise. It was an extremely exhausting time for Amelia because she got very little sleep. The fateful part of the journey was from New Guinea to Howland Island as it was quite difficult to cross there.

Despite her struggles, Amelia never made it there. She disappeared over the Pacific and was never found, in spite of all efforts to find her plane.

ACTIVE / PASSIVE VOICE:

Q: Read the text below and describe if the sentence is in Active or Passive Voice. Use 'AV' for Active Voice and 'PV' for Passive Voice. First is done for you as an example.

1. Character building begins with setting clear values (AV). 2. People choose honesty, kindness, and perseverance as their guiding principles (AV). 3. These values are upheld by daily actions and consistent behaviour (PV). 4. Next, individuals develop discipline by practicing self-control in difficult situations (AV). 5. Distractions and temptations are resisted with determination and focus (PV). 6. Reading and learning regularly shape a person's thoughts and mindset (AV). 7. Valuable lessons are absorbed through books, mentors, and real-life experiences (PV). 8. After that, confidence is built through taking responsibility and making decisions (PV). 9. Mistakes are faced courageously, and lessons are learned from them (PV). 10. Leaders are inspired by those who live with integrity (PV). 11. They, in turn, inspire others through words and actions that reflect strength of character (AV). 12. Over time, good habits are formed, and negative traits are replaced by virtues (PV). 13. People see the impact of their choices in the respect they earn and the peace they feel within. (AV). 14. Character building never ends (AV). 15. It is shaped daily by what we do, say, and think (PV). 16. Ultimately, strong character builds a strong life (AV).

Q: Change the Voices of the following sentences.

S. NO	ACTIVE VOICE	PASSIVE
01.	Role models inspire young minds.	Young minds are inspired by role models.
02.	Teachers are guiding students toward moral development.	Students are being guided toward moral development by teachers.
03.	Life experiences have shaped his character.	His character has been shaped by life experiences.
04.	His parents taught him the value of honesty.	He was taught the value of honesty by his parents.
05.	The mentor was helping him overcome his weaknesses.	He was being helped to overcome his weaknesses by the mentor.
06.	Challenges had strengthened her resolve.	Her resolve had been strengthened by challenges.
07.	Discipline will shape your personality.	Your personality will be shaped by discipline.
08.	He will be practicing self-control during the retreat.	No Passive Voice (Future Continuous)
09.	By next year, she will have developed a strong moral compass.	By next year, a strong moral compass will have been developed by her.
10.	You can build character through consistent effort.	Character can be built through consistent effort by you.

IDIOMS AND PHRASES: (CONTEMPORARY IDIOMS)

Q: Fill in the blanks using the expressions from the above list. Each Phrase can only be used once.

Arshad: Bro, spill the tea. What happened at the PSL match last night?

Usman: Bro, it was crazy. Karachi Kings had such a glow up this season. They look like a totally different team now.

Arshad:  No cap? Or are you exaggerating?

Usman: No cap. They played like champions. And bro, Imad Wasim's all-round performance? That just hit different – even Lahore fans were clapping.

Arshad: Hahaha, man really flexed with those sixes and wickets.

Usman: Exactly. And after the match, some Lahore fans were trolling in the comments, but one Karachi fan clap backed so hard, they had no response.

Arshad: Lol, they should have just dropped the mic instead of arguing.

Usman: And bro, Babar's cover drives were fleek – proper class, even in a tense chase.
Arshad: Dude, I feel bad for missing it. What about the stadium food? Did the biryani go viral?
Usman: Ghost someone Brooo, it was next level. Proper spicy Karachi-style, full of flavor.
Arshad: Haha, now I regret not coming. Next match, I'm coming for sure – no cap.

Usman: Hahaha, done. And don't forget, you're buying the chai this time.